Ukuvutshelwa nokuvuthwa komanyolo wemvelo kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi.Ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela omuhle kakhulu wokwenza umquba, ezinye izici eziyinhloko ezithonyayo zidinga ukulawulwa:
1. Isilinganiso sekhabhoni nenitrogen
Ifanele u-25:1:
Okungcono kakhulu kwe-aerobic compost impahla eluhlaza yi-(25-35):1, inqubo yokuvutshelwa ishesha kakhulu, uma i-aerobic iphansi kakhulu (20:1), ukukhiqizwa kwama-microorganisms kuzovinjelwa ngenxa yamandla anganele.Ngenxa yalokhu, ukubola kuhamba kancane futhi akuphelele, futhi uma utshani bezitshalo bukhulu kakhulu (imvamisa (6080): 1), izinto eziqukethe i-nitrogen njengomanyolo wabantu nezilwane kufanele zengezwe, futhi isilinganiso se-carbon-nitrogen silungiswe I-30: 1 inenzuzo kuma-microorganisms.Imisebenzi ekhuthaza ukubola kwento ephilayo kumquba futhi ifinyeze isikhathi sokuvutshelwa.
2. Okuqukethwe umswakama
50%~60%:
Umswakama uyipharamitha ebalulekile enqubweni yokwenza umquba.Imisebenzi yempilo ye-microbial idinga ukugcwaliswa njalo kwendawo ezungezile ukuze imunce amanzi ukuze kugcinwe umzimba ojwayelekile.Ama-microorganisms angakwazi ukumunca imisoco encibilikayo kuphela, kanti i-compost ithambile kalula ngemva kokumunca amanzi.Lapho okuqukethwe kwamanzi kungaphezu kuka-80%, ama-molecule amanzi agcwalisa ingaphakathi lezinhlayiya futhi aphuphume angene ezikhaleni zezinhlayiya, anciphise ukuqina kwesitaki futhi andise ukumelana nokudluliswa kwegesi negesi, okuholela esitakini se-anaerobic endaweni. kuvimbela Umsebenzi wama-microorganisms we-aerobic awuhambisani nokuvutshelwa kwe-aerobic okunezinga eliphezulu lokushisa okunomswakama obalulekile ongaphansi kuka-40%, okuzokwandisa isikhala se-pore yenqwaba futhi kwandise ukulahlekelwa kwama-molecule amanzi, okuholela ekuqongeleleni kokuntuleka kwamanzi emanzini. , engahambisani nomsebenzi wama-microorganisms futhi ithinta ukuvutshelwa.Kumanyolo, amanzi engeziwe angengezwa otshanini bezitshalo, sawdust, kanye ne-fungus bran.
3. Okuqukethwe kwe-oksijini
8%~18%:
Isidingo se-oxygen emqubeni sihlobene nenani le-organic matter emqubeni.Uma izinto eziphilayo zikhula, kukhulu ukusetshenziswa kwe-oxygen.Ngokuvamile, isidingo se-oxygen ngesikhathi sokwenza umquba sincike enanini le-carbon dioxide.Umsebenzi wokubola wama-microorganisms we-aerobic futhi udinga umoya omuhle.Uma ukungena komoya kuphansi, ama-microorganisms e-aerobic ayavinjelwa futhi umquba uvuthwa kancane.Uma umoya wokungenisa umoya uphakeme kakhulu, ngeke nje kuphela amanzi nezakhi zomquba zilahleke kakhulu, kodwa futhi izinto eziphilayo zizobola kakhulu, ezingahambisani nokuqoqwa kwe-humus.
4. Izinga lokushisa
50-65°C:
Esigabeni sokuqala sokwenza umquba, izinga lokushisa lenqwaba livamise ukusondelene nezinga lokushisa le-ambient.Izinga lokushisa lomquba lishiswa ngokushesha ngamabhaktheriya e-mesophilic izinsuku ezingu-1 kuya kwezi-2, futhi izinga lokushisa lenqwaba lifinyelela ku-50 kuya ku-65 ° C, okuvamise ukugcinwa izinsuku ezingu-5 kuya kwezi-6.Ukuze kubulawe amagciwane e-pathogenic, amaqanda ezinambuzane, kanye nembewu yotshani, kufinyelele izinkomba ezingenabungozi, futhi kube nomphumela wokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, izinga lokushisa ligcina lehlisiwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuguqulwa kwezakhi kanye nokwakheka kwe-humus.Ukushisa okuphansi kakhulu kuzokwandisa isikhathi sokuvuthwa komquba, kuyilapho izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kakhulu (> 70°C) lizovimbela ukukhula kwezilwanyana ezincane emqubeni futhi kuholele ekusetshenzisweni ngokweqile kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nenani elikhulu le-ammonia volatilization, okuyinto kuthinta ikhwalithi.umquba.
5. pH
pH6-9:
I-PH ingenye yezinto ezibalulekile ezithinta ukukhula kwama-microorganisms.Ngokuvamile, ama-microorganisms afanelekile uma i-pH ingathathi hlangothi noma i-alkaline kancane.Inani le-pH eliphezulu kakhulu noma eliphansi kakhulu lizothinta inqubekelaphambili eshelelayo yokwenza umquba.Icebile nge-cellulose namaprotheni.Isilinganiso se-pH esiphezulu somquba wemfuyo nezinkukhu sasiphakathi kuka-7.5 no-8.0, futhi izinga lokuwohloka kwe-substrate lalicishe libe ngu-0 lapho inani le-pH lalingaphansi noma lilingana no-5.0.Lapho i-pH≥9.0, izinga lokuwohloka kwe-substrate lehla futhi ukulahleka kwe-ammonia nitrogen kwaba kubi kakhulu.Inani le-pH linomthelela obalulekile ekusebenzeni kwe-microbial kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen.Ngokuvamile, inani le-pH lempahla eluhlaza lidingeka libe ngu-6.5.Inani elikhulu le-ammonia nitrogen likhiqizwa ekuvubeleni kwe-aerobic, okwandisa inani le-pH.Yonke inqubo yokuvutshelwa isendaweni ene-alkaline ene-pH ephezulu.Inani le-pH linyusa ukulahleka kwe-nitrogen, futhi inani le-pH kufanele linakwe ekuvubeleni okusheshayo kwefekthri.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-07-2022