Noma iyiphi i-organic material (inhlanganisela equkethe ikhabhoni) esetshenziswa njengomanyolo ibizwa nge-organic compost.Ngakho-ke yini ngempela umquba ongayenza?
1. Khulisa ukwakheka kwe-agglomerate yomhlabathi
Isakhiwo se-Soil agglomerate sakhiwe yizinhlayiya ezimbalwa zenhlabathi eyodwa ezihlanganiswe ndawonye njenge-agglomerate yesakhiwo senhlabathi.Ama-pores amancane akhiwa phakathi kwezinhlamvu ezilodwa futhi ama-pores amakhulu akhiwa phakathi kwama-agglomerate.Ama-pores amancane angagcina umswakama futhi ama-pores amakhulu angakwazi ukugcina umoya.Inhlabathi ye-agglomerate iqinisekisa ukukhula okuhle kwezimpande futhi ifanele ukutshalwa kwezitshalo nokukhula.Indima yesakhiwo se-agglomerate ekuvundeni kwenhlabathi.
① Ihlanganisa amanzi nomoya.
② Ihlanganisa ukungqubuzana phakathi kokusetshenziswa nokunqwabelana kwemisoco endaweni yemvelo yomhlabathi.
③ iqinisa izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi futhi ilawule ukushisa kwenhlabathi.
④ Ithuthukisa ukulima futhi yenze kube lula ukunwetshwa kwezimpande zezitshalo.
2. Thuthukisa ukungena nokuxega kwenhlabathi
Amaqabunga ezihlahla zezithelo amunca isikhutha futhi akhiphe umoya-mpilo;izimpande zimunca umoya-mpilo futhi zikhiphe isikhutha.Ukufeza umjikelezo ojwayelekile wokudla, izimpande zokuphefumula ezingajulile kufanele zibe ne-oxygen eyanele, edinga umhlabathi ukuba ube nokuxega nokungena kwamanzi.Ukungena kwenhlabathi kuhambisana nobukhulu bezinhlayiya zenhlabathi futhi kuthonywa inani lamanzi enhlabathini, izinga lokushisa, ukucindezela komkhathi, kanye nezinga lokushisa lomoya.Ukungena kwenhlabathi kubuye kwaziwe ngokuthi i-aeration yenhlabathi, okuwukusebenza kokushintshana komoya wenhlabathi nomkhathi, noma izinga umkhathi ongena ngalo enhlabathini.Ihlobene eduze nesakhiwo senhlabathi, ikakhulukazi nezici ze-pore, futhi inhlabathi enezinga eliphezulu le-porosity ephelele noma ama-pores amakhulu anokungena kahle.Isibonelo, inhlabathi eyakheke kahle inokungeneka kangcono kunenhlabathi engakhiwe kahle;inhlabathi enesihlabathi ingcono kunenhlabathi enobumba;inhlabathi enomswakama ophakathi ingcono kunenomswakama ngokweqile;umhlabathi ongaphezulu ungcono kunemihlabathi engaphansi, njll.
3. Thuthukisa inhlabathi futhi ulinganise i-acidity kanye ne-alkalinity
Amandla e-acidity yenhlabathi kanye ne-alkalinity ngokuvamile ikalwa ngezinga le-acidity kanye ne-alkalinity.Umhlabathi une-acidic futhi une-alkaline ngoba kunezilinganiso ezincane ze-hydrogen ions nama-ion hydroxide emhlabathini.Lapho ukuhlangana kwama-ion e-hydrogen kukhulu kunokwakheka kwama-ion e-hydroxide, inhlabathi iba ne-asidi;ngokuphambene, i-alkaline;lapho bobabili belingana, ayithathi hlangothi.Iningi lenhlabathi yaseShayina inebanga le-pH lika-4.5 kuya ku-8.5, kanti i-pH ikhuphuka ukusuka eningizimu iye enyakatho, okwenza "i-south acid enyakatho ye-alkaline".Ngenxa yomehluko wesimo sezulu phakathi kwenyakatho neningizimu yeShayina, iningizimu imanzi futhi iyana futhi inhlabathi ine-asidi kakhulu, kuyilapho enyakatho yomile futhi kunemvula futhi inhlabathi ine-alkaline kakhulu.Umhlabathi one-asidi kakhulu noma one-alkaline kakhulu uzonciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwezakhi zomhlabathi ngamazinga ahlukahlukene, kwenze kube nzima ukwakha isakhiwo esihle senhlabathi futhi kuvimbele ngokungathi sína imisebenzi yezinambuzane zomhlabathi, okuthinta ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwezilimo ezihlukahlukene.
4. Ukwenza ngcono izinga lemikhiqizo yezolimo
Izinguquko ezingxenyeni eziyinhloko ze-organic zesithelo.
1) Umswakama.Ngaphandle kwama-chestnuts, ama-walnuts namanye amantongomane, nezinye izithelo ezomisiwe, okuqukethwe kwamanzi kwezithelo eziningi kungama-80% kuya ku-90%.
2) ushukela, i-asidi.Ushukela, okuqukethwe kwe-asidi, kanye nesilinganiso se-sugar-acid yizimpawu eziyinhloko zekhwalithi yezithelo.Ushukela esithelweni kuya ku-glucose, i-fructose, ne-sucrose, isitashi sikhona esithelweni esincane esiluhlaza, izinhlobo zezithelo ezihlukene eziqukethe ushukela nazo ziyahlukahluka, njengamagilebhisi, amakhiwane, ama-cherry ku-glucose, i-fructose ngaphezulu;amapentshisi, ama-plums, amabhilikosi ku-sucrose ngaphezu kokunciphisa ushukela.I-Organic acids esithelweni ikakhulukazi i-malic acid, i-citric acid, i-tartaric acid, i-apula, i-pear, i-peach kuya ku-malic acid, i-citrus, ihalananda, amakhiwane, i-citric acid iyinhloko, i-asidi esithelweni esithelweni esincane lapho okuqukethwe iphansi, ngokukhula kwesithelo futhi ithuthuke, imfashini cishe evuthiwe njenge-substrate yokuphefumula nokubola.
3) i-pectin.Imbangela engapheli yobulukhuni bezithelo amandla abophayo phakathi kwamaseli, amandla emishini yezinto ezihlanganisa amaselula, nomfutho wokwanda kwamaseli, amandla okubopha phakathi kwamaseli athonywa yi-pectin.I-pectin yasekuqaleni yesithelo ikhona odongeni oluyinhloko lwesendlalelo se-pectin ukuze amangqamuzana axhumeke, njengoba isithelo sivuthwa, ngaphansi kwesenzo sama-enzyme sibe yi-pectin encibilikayo ne-pectinate, ukuze inyama yesithelo ibe yinto ethambile.Okuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ne-calcium kunethonya elikhulu ekuqineni kwesithelo.
4) iphunga nephunga lesithelo.Iphunga nephunga yizici ezibalulekile ekunqumeni izinga lesithelo.Izithelo eziningi zinokunambitheka kwe-astringent, ikakhulukazi izinto ze-tannin, i-citrus ekunambitheka okubabayo kwengxenye eyinhloko yi-naringin.Isithelo sibuye sibe namavithamini, uvithamini A uyisithelo esiphuzi esiqukethe i-carotene eyengeziwe, njengebhilikosi, i-loquat, i-persimmon, njll., i-prickly pear, idethi, i-Chinese kiwi, i-sea buckthorn iqukethe izinga eliphezulu likavithamini C, equkethe i-chlorophyll izithelo ezincane ziphakeme, ngokukhula kwesithelo, inani eliphelele lenyuka, kodwa okuqukethwe kweyunithi yesisindo esisha kwehla, ikhasi kunenhliziyo yesithelo liphakeme, uhlangothi olunelanga luphakeme kunohlangothi lwe-backlight.
5) ukushintsha umbala.Umbala wesithelo une-chlorophyll, i-carotenoids, i-anthocyanins, i-anthocyanidin glycosides, nama-flavonoids.Isakhiwo se-carotenoids yi-tetraterpene (C), kunezinhlobo ezingu-500, ezikhona kuma-chloroplasts nama-plastids, ahlanganiswe namaprotheni, anendima yokuvikela amangqamuzana emonakalweni wokukhanya okunamandla, lapho isithelo sesivuthiwe, i-chlorophyll iyancipha, futhi i-carotenoids yanda.
5. Ucebile ngemisoco ehlukahlukene
Umanyolo we-organic awuqukethe kuphela izinto eziphilayo ezinothile nama-asidi e-organic, njenge-humic acid, ama-amino acid, ne-xanthic acid, kodwa futhi uqukethe izinhlobonhlobo zezinto ezinkulu, eziphakathi, kanye ne-trace, nakuba okuqukethwe kuphansi kodwa kubanzi.Ngokuvamile, i-nitrogen yamaqabunga amade, i-phosphorus yezimbali ezinde, i-potassium yezithelo ezinde;i-silicon yezimpande, i-calcium yezithelo, i-magnesium yamaqabunga, isulfure yokunambitha;insimbi yamaqabunga aphuzi, ithusi lamaqabunga amaqabunga, i-molybdenum yamaqabunga aqhakazayo, i-zinc yamaqabunga amancane, i-boron yamaqabunga asontekile.
6. Ngokuhlala isikhathi eside
Umanyolo Real organic ngeke ziyoncibilika, futhi ayikwazi ziyoncibilika, ngoba Umanyolo eziphilayo iqukethe isamba esikhulu cellulose futhi lignin ayikwazi ziyoncibilika emanzini, kufanele kube ngokusebenzisa amagciwane enhlabathini microbial ukubola, iguqulwe ibe amino acid kanye carbohydrate ukuba kube. amuncwa izimpande zezihlahla zezithelo, okuwuhlelo olunensayo futhi oluhlala njalo.
7. Ngokusebenza kahle
Inikeza amandla nemisoco yemisebenzi ye-microbial yomhlabathi, ikhuthaza imisebenzi ye-microbial, isheshisa ukubola kwezinto eziphilayo, ikhiqiza izinto ezisebenzayo, njll. ingakhuthaza ukukhula kwezitshalo futhi ithuthukise izinga lemikhiqizo yezolimo, ingadli nje i-melon sweet, idla iphunga likakolweni. , okubaluleke nakakhulu, ngokusebenzisa ukubola microbial of organic acid kungenza kusebenze ikhoyili fixed ku izakhi amaminerali ingamuncwa ngokugcwele futhi isetshenziswe.
8. Ngokugcina amanzi
Ulwazi locwaningo luveze ukuthi: kumanyolo we-organic compost humus aqukethe ama-lipids, ama-wax, nama-resin, ngoba lapho kwenziwa inhlabathi evundile kakhulu, lezi zinto zingangena enhlabathini enkulu, ukuze ibe ne-hydrophobic, yenze inqubo yokumanzisa inhlabathi ibe buthaka. izinga lokunyakaza kwamanzi e-capillary, ukuze ukuhwamuka komswakama wenhlabathi kuncishiswe futhi umthamo wokubamba amanzi enhlabathini uthuthuke, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe isimo somswakama wenhlabathi.
Ucwaningo lwe-hydrophilicity kanye ne-hydrophobicity ye-humus lubonise ukuthi kunqunywa ngamaketanga aseceleni emaphethelweni e-molecule ye-humic acid, nokuthi lapho izinga le-polymerization ye-molecule ye-humic acid lincane, izinga lokuvezwa kweketango layo elihlangothini. amaqembu makhulu, nokuthi kukhona ubudlelwano obuphambene phakathi kwawo, nobudlelwano phakathi kwe-humic substance kanye ne-molecule yamanzi okunquma, ngezinga elithile, izakhiwo zamanzi zento ephilayo.
Isakhiwo se-agglomerate sihlobene ne-organic matter equkethwe enhlabathini kanye nenani lomquba wemvelo osetshenziswayo.Isakhiwo se-agglomerate esizinzile samanzi siqinisekisa ukuxega kongqimba olungaphezulu komhlabathi futhi lwenza kube lula ukungena kwenhlabathi.Lesi sakhiwo sibonakala ngama-agglomerates axegayo kanye ne-non-capillary porosity enkulu, enciphisa ukuphakama nesivinini sokunyakaza kwama-capillary amanzi enhlabathini futhi kunciphisa ukuhwamuka kwamanzi emhlabathini.I-radius yesakhiwo sezinhlayiya zenhlabathi enesakhiwo se-agglomerate esingcono sikhulu kune-radius yesakhiwo sezinhlayiya zenhlabathi enesakhiwo esimpofu se-agglomerate, kuyilapho isivinini sokuya phezulu kwe-capillary yamanzi siphambene ngokulingana nobubanzi beyunithi yesakhiwo.
9. Nge-insulation
Umquba we-organic unomsebenzi wokumunca ukushisa nokufudumala, okuzuzisa ukuhluma kwezimpande nokukhula kwezihlahla zezithelo.Umquba ohlelweni lokubola uzokhulula inani elithile lokushisa, uthuthukise izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, umthamo wokushisa womanyolo we-organic, ukusebenza kahle kokufakwa kwe-insulation, akulula ukuthintwa ukuguquka kwangaphandle kwamakhaza nokushisa, isithwathwa sasebusika. isivikelo, ukushisa kwasehlobo, okuzuzisa kakhulu ekuhlumeni kwezimpande zesihlahla sezithelo, ukukhula, kanye nobusika.
10. Hlola ukuvunda komhlabathi
I-Soil organic matter yigama elijwayelekile lezinto ezisemhlabathini ezivela empilweni.I-Soil organic matter iyisakhi esibalulekile sengxenye yesigaba esiqinile somhlabathi futhi ingenye yemithombo eyinhloko yokondleka kwezitshalo, ikhuthaza ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo, ithuthukisa izakhiwo zenhlabathi, ikhuthaze imisebenzi yezilwanyana ezincane kanye nezitshalo. izinto eziphilayo zomhlabathi, ezikhuthaza ukubola kwezakhi zezakhi emhlabathini nokwenza ngcono ukuvunda kanye nendima yokuvinjelwa komhlabathi.Ihlobene eduze nesakhiwo, ukungena emoyeni, ukungena, kanye nezindawo zokukhanga kanye nezakhiwo zokubhafa zenhlabathi.Ngokuvamile, okuqukethwe kwezinto eziphilayo kuhlotshaniswa kahle nezinga lokuvunda kwenhlabathi phakathi kwebanga elithile lokuqukethwe, ngaphansi kwezinye izimo ezifanayo noma ezifanayo.
Okuqukethwe kwe-organic organic matter kungenye yezinkomba ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuvunda kwenhlabathi, futhi umquba wemvelo ungakhuphula okuqukethwe kwe-organic matter emhlabathini.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-31-2022