Ukhula noma utshani basendle buwukuphila okuqinile endaweni yemvelo.Ngokuvamile sisusa ukhula ngangokunokwenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza ezolimo noma izingadi.Kodwa utshani obususwayo abumane bulahlwe kodwa bungenza umquba omuhle uma buvunde ngendlela efanele.Ukusetshenziswa kokhula kumanyolo wukwenza umquba, okuwumanyolo wemvelo owenziwe ngotshani bezitshalo, utshani, amahlamvu, udoti, njll., ohlanganiswa nomquba womuntu, umquba wemfuyo, njll. Izici zawo ukuthi indlela ilula, i izinga lihle, ukusebenza kahle kukamanyolo kuphezulu, futhi kungabulala amagciwane namaqanda.
Izici ze-compost yokhula:
● Umphumela kamanyolo uhamba kancane kunalowo wokwenza umquba wezilwane;
● Ukuhlukahluka kwamagciwane okuzinzile, akulula ukubhujiswa, kunciphisa ingozi yezifo kanye nezithiyo eziqhubekayo zokutshala ezibangelwa ukungalingani kwezakhi, kulokhu, umphumela wako ungcono kunokwenza umquba;
● ukunciphisa ingozi yokuhluma kwezitshalo;
● Indawo yotshani yasendle inezimpande eziqinile, futhi ngemva kokungena ngokujulile, imunca izakhi zamaminerali futhi ibuyele emhlabathini;
● Isilinganiso esifanelekile se-carbon-nitrogen nokubola okubushelelezi;
1. Izinto zokwenza umquba
Izinto zokwenza umquba zihlukaniswe zibe izinhlobo ezintathu ngokuya ngezakhiwo zazo:
Izinto Eziyisisekelo
Izinto ezingaboli kalula, njengotshani bezitshalo ezihlukahlukene, ukhula, amaqabunga awile, imivini, i-peat, udoti, njll.
Izinto ezikhuthaza ukubola
Ngokuvamile, iyinto ecebile ngamabhaktheriya abola emazingeni okushisa aphezulu aqukethe i-nitrogen eningi, njengendle yabantu, indle, isihlabathi sombungu kasilika, ubulongwe behhashi, ubulongwe bezimvu, umquba omdala, umlotha wezitshalo, umcako, njll.
I-Absorbent substance
Ukwengeza inani elincane le-peat, isihlabathi esihle kanye nenani elincane le-superphosphate noma i-phosphate rock powder ngesikhathi sokuqoqwa kungavimbela noma kunciphise ukuvuthwa kwe-nitrogen futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle komanyolo womquba.
2. Ukwelashwa kwezinto ezahlukene ngaphambi kokwenza umquba
Ukusheshisa ukubola nokubola kwempahla ngayinye, izinto ezihlukene kufanele ziphathwe ngaphambi kokwenza umquba.
lImfucumfucu kufanele ihlungwe ukuze kuqokwe ingilazi ephukile, amatshe, amathayela, amapulasitiki, nezinye izibi, ikakhulukazi ukuvimbela ukuxutshwa kwezinsimbi ezisindayo nezinto ezinobuthi neziyingozi.
lEqinisweni, zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziqoqiwe zingcono zichotshozwe, futhi ukukhulisa indawo oxhumene kuyo kusiza ukubola, kodwa kudla amandla amaningi kanye nezinsizakusebenza.Ngokuvamile, ukhula lunqunywa lube ngu-5-10 cm ubude.
lNgezinto eziqinile nezine-waxy, njengommbila namabele, ezimunca amanzi aphansi, kungcono ukucwiliswa ngendle noma u-2% wamanzi omcako emva kokuchotshozwa ukuze kucekelwe phansi i-waxy surface yotshani, evumela ukumuncwa kwamanzi futhi ikhuthaze. ukubola nokubola.
l Ukhula lwasemanzini, ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwamanzi amaningi, kufanele lomiswe kancane ngaphambi kokunqwabelana.
3.Ukukhetha indawo yokubeka
Indawo yokwenza umquba kufanele ikhethe indawo enezindawo eziphakeme, i-leeward nelanga, eduze nomthombo wamanzi, futhi elungele ukuhamba nokusetshenziswa.Ukuze kube lula ukuhamba nokusetshenziswa, izindawo zokuqoqa zingahlakazwa ngokufanelekile.Ngemuva kokuthi indawo yokubeka ikhethiwe, inhlabathi izolinganiswa.
4.Isilinganiso sempahla ngayinye kumquba
Ngokuvamile, isilinganiso sezinto zokupakisha singamakhilogremu angama-500 wezitshalo ezihlukahlukene zotshani, ukhula, amaqabunga awile, njll., ukwengeza amakhilogremu angu-100-150 omquba nomchamo, kanye namakhilogremu angu-50-100 wamanzi.Inani lamanzi elengeziwe lincike ekomeni kanye nokuba manzi kwezinto zokusetshenziswa.kg, noma phosphate rock powder 25-30 kg, superphosphate 5-8 kg, nitrogen Umanyolo 4-5 kg.
Ukusheshisa ukubola, inani elifanele lomquba womnyuzi noma umquba omdala, udaka olujulile olungaphansi komhlabathi, kanye nenhlabathi evundile kungafakwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukubola.Kodwa umhlabathi akufanele ube mkhulu, ukuze ungaphazamisi ukuvuthwa kanye nekhwalithi yomquba.Ngakho-ke isaga sezolimo sithi, “Utshani obungenadaka ngeke bubole, futhi ngaphandle kodaka, utshani ngeke buvunde”.Lokhu kubonisa ngokugcwele ukuthi ukwengeza inani elifanele lomhlabathi ovundile akugcini nje ngokuba nomthelela wokumunca nokugcina umanyolo, kodwa futhi kunomphumela wokukhuthaza ukubola kwezinto eziphilayo.
5.Ukukhiqizwa komquba
Sabalalisa udaka olunogqinsi olucishe lube ngamasentimitha angama-20 emgodini wokungenisa umoya wegceke lokunqwabelana, inhlabathi ecolekile, noma inhlabathi ewumquba njengocansi ukuze umunce umanyolo ongenile, bese ubeka ungqimba lwempahla exutshwe ngokuphelele futhi ehlanziwe ngongqimba. Iba nesi qiniseko.Bese ufafaza umquba namanzi kungqimba ngalunye, bese ufafaza ngokulinganayo inani elincane lomcako, i-phosphate rock powder, noma omunye umanyolo we-phosphate.Noma faka i-fiber ephezulu ebola amagciwane.Ukhula kungqimba ngayinye kanye ne-urea noma umanyolo wenhlabathi kanye ne-bran kakolo ukulungisa isilinganiso se-carbon-nitrogen kufanele kwengezwe ngokwenani elidingekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe izinga lomquba.
Lokhu kupakishwa ungqimba ngongqimba kuze kufike ukuphakama okungama-130-200 cm.Ubukhulu bengqimba ngayinye ngokuvamile buyi-30-70 cm.Isendlalelo esingaphezulu kufanele sibe mncane, futhi izingqimba ezimaphakathi neziphansi kufanele zibe mkhulu kancane.Inani lomquba namanzi okwengezwe kungqimba ngayinye kufanele libe ngaphezulu ungqimba olungaphezulu futhi libe lincane kungqimba engezansi ukuze likwazi ukugeleza liye phansi futhi lisabalalise phezulu naphansi.ngokulinganayo.Ububanzi besitaki nobude besitaki buncike enanini lempahla kanye nokusebenza kalula.Umumo wenqwaba ungenziwa ube umumo webhani oshisayo noma ezinye izimo.Ngemva kokuba inqwaba isiqediwe, ivalwa ngodaka oluwugqinsi oluwu-6-7 cm, inhlabathi ekahle, nefilimu yepulasitiki endala, ezuzisa ukulondoloza ukushisa, ukugcina amanzi, nokugcina umanyolo.
6.Ukuphathwa komquba
Ngokuvamile ezinsukwini ezi-3-5 ngemva kwenqwaba, izinto eziphilayo ziqala ukubola amagciwane ukuze akhulule ukushisa, futhi izinga lokushisa enqwabeni liyenyuka kancane.Ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-7-8, izinga lokushisa enqwabeni liyakhuphuka kakhulu, lifinyelele ku-60-70 °C.Umsebenzi uba buthaka futhi ukubola kwezinto zokusetshenziswa akuphelele.Ngakho-ke, phakathi nesikhathi sokupakisha, umswakama kanye nezinga lokushisa liyashintsha ezingxenyeni ezingenhla, eziphakathi, neziphansi zesitaki kufanele zihlolwe njalo.
Singasebenzisa ithemometha yomquba ukubona izinga lokushisa langaphakathi lomquba.Uma ungenayo i-thermometer yomquba, ungafaka futhi insimbi ende enqwabeni bese uyishiya imizuzu emi-5!Ngemva kokuyikhipha, izame ngesandla sakho.Kuzwakala kufudumele ku-30℃, kuzwakale kushisa cishe ku-40-50℃, futhi kuzwakala kushisa cishe ku-60℃.Ukuze uhlole umswakama, ungabheka izimo ezomile nezimanzi ebusweni bengxenye efakiwe yensimbi yensimbi.Uma isesimweni esimanzi, kusho ukuthi inani lamanzi lifanelekile;uma isesimweni esomile, kusho ukuthi amanzi aphansi kakhulu, futhi ungenza imbobo phezulu kwenqwaba bese wengeza amanzi.Uma umswakama enqwabeni ujwayelana nokungena komoya, izinga lokushisa lizokhuphuka kancane kancane ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala ngemva kwenqwaba, futhi lingafinyelela phezulu kakhulu esikhathini esingangesonto.Isigaba sokushisa okuphezulu akufanele sibe ngaphansi kwezinsuku ezi-3, futhi izinga lokushisa lizokwehla kancane kancane ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-10.Kulesi simo, vula inqwaba kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-20-25, uphendule ungqimba olungaphandle lube phakathi, uphendule phakathi nendawo ngaphandle, bese wengeza inani elifanele lomchamo njengoba kudingeka ukuze uphinde uhlanganise ukuze ukhuthaze ukubola.Ngemva kokuphinda kunqwabelene, ngemva kwezinye izinsuku ezingu-20-30, izinto zokusetshenziswa ziseduze nezinga elimnyama, elibolile, nelinukayo, okubonisa ukuthi selibolile, futhi lingasetshenziswa, noma inhlabathi eyisivalo ingacindezelwa futhi igcinwe ukuze ukusetshenziswa kamuva.
7.Ukuphenduka komquba
Kusukela ekuqaleni komquba, imvamisa yokujika kufanele ibe:
Izinsuku ezingu-7 emva kokuqala;Izinsuku eziyi-14 emva kwesibili;izinsuku ezingama-21 emva kokwesithathu;Inyanga engu-1 ngemva kwesikhathi sesine;kanye ngenyanga emva kwalokho.Qaphela: Amanzi kufanele afakwe ngendlela efanele ukulungisa umswakama ube ngu-50-60% isikhathi ngasinye lapho inqwaba iphendulwa.
8. Indlela yokwahlulela ukuvuthwa komquba
Sicela ubheke izihloko ezilandelayo:
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-11-2022