Ukwenza umquba kuyindlela yomjikelezo ebandakanya ukuwohloka nokuvutshelwa kwezingxenye zemifino ehlukahlukene, njengemfucuza yemifino, engadini yemifino.Ngisho namagatsha kanye namahlamvu awile kungase kubuyiselwe emhlabathini ngezinqubo ezifanele zokuvundisa.Umquba okhiqizwe ngezinsalela zokudla ezisele ungase ungakhulisi ukukhula kwezitshalo ngokushesha njengoba kwenza umanyolo othengiswayo.Isetshenziswa kangcono njengendlela yokuthuthukisa inhlabathi, kancane kancane ivunde ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.Ukwenza umquba akufanele kucatshangwe njengendlela yokulahla udoti wasekhishini;kunalokho, kufanele kucatshangelwe njengendlela yokukhulisa ama-microorganisms enhlabathini.
1. Wasebenzise kahle amaqabunga asele kanye nemfucumfucu yasekhishini ukwenza umquba
Ukuze kube lula ukuvutshelwa nokubola, nquma iziqu zemifino, iziqu nezinye izinto zibe izingcezu ezincane, bese ukhipha bese uzifaka emqubeni.Ngisho namathambo ezinhlanzi angabola kahle uma unomgqomo wephepha owenziwe ngothayela ekhaya.Ngokungeza amaqabunga etiye noma amakhambi, ungagcina umquba ungaboli futhi ukhiphe iphunga elibi.Akudingekile ukwenza umquba amagobolondo amaqanda noma amathambo ezinyoni.Zingachotshozwa kuqala ukuze zisize ukubola nokuvutshelwa ngaphambi kokugqitshwa emhlabathini.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-miso paste kanye nesoso yesoya iqukethe usawoti, amagciwane angakwazi ukubekezelela, ngakho-ke ungawufaki umquba ukudla okuphekiwe okusele.Kubalulekile futhi ukwakha umkhuba wokungashiyi noma yikuphi ukudla okusele ngaphambi kokusebenzisa umquba.
2. Ikhabhoni edingekayo, i-nitrogen, ama-microorganisms, amanzi, nomoya
Ukwenza umquba kudinga izinto eziphilayo ezinekhabhoni kanye nezikhala eziqukethe amanzi nomoya.Ngale ndlela, ama-molecule e-carbon, noma ushukela, adaleka emhlabathini, okungase kube lula ukwanda kwamagciwane.
Ngezimpande zazo, izitshalo zithatha initrogen enhlabathini nesikhutha emkhathini.Ngemva kwalokho, bakha amaprotheni akha amangqamuzana abo ngokuhlanganisa ikhabhoni nenitrogen.
I-Rhizobia kanye ne-algae eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, isibonelo, zisebenza ngokubambisana nezimpande zezitshalo ukulungisa i-nitrogen.Ama-microorganisms kumquba adiliza amaprotheni abe yi-nitrogen, izitshalo eziyithola ngezimpande zazo.
Izilwanyana ezincane ngokuvamile kufanele zidle amagremu angu-5 e-nitrogen kuwo wonke amagremu ayi-100 ekhabhoni ebolile entweni ephilayo.Lokhu kusho ukuthi isilinganiso se-carbon-to-nitrogen ngesikhathi sokubola singama-20 kuya ku-1.
Ngenxa yalokho, lapho i-carbon esenhlabathini idlula izikhathi ezingu-20 kune-nitrogen, ama-microorganisms ayidla ngokuphelele.Uma isilinganiso se-carbon-to-nitrogen singaphansi kuka-19, enye i-nitrogen izohlala emhlabathini futhi ngeke ifinyeleleke kuma-microorganisms.
Ukushintsha inani lamanzi emoyeni kungakhuthaza amabhaktheriya e-aerobic ukuthi akhule, aphule amaprotheni kumquba, futhi akhiphe i-nitrogen ne-carbon emhlabathini, okungase kuthathwe izitshalo ngezimpande zazo uma umhlabathi unekhabhoni ephezulu.
Umquba ungadalwa ngokuguqula izinto eziphilayo zibe i-nitrogen izitshalo ezingayithatha ngokwazi izici zekhabhoni ne-nitrogen, ngokukhetha izinto zokwakha umquba, nokuphatha isilinganiso sekhabhoni nenitrogen emhlabathini.
3. Hlanganisa umquba ngokulingene, futhi unake umphumela wamazinga okushisa, umswakama, nama-actinomycetes
Uma impahla yokwenza umquba inamanzi amaningi, kulula ukwenza ukuthi iphrotheni ibe ne-ammoniate futhi ihogele kabi.Noma kunjalo, uma kunamanzi amancane kakhulu, kuzophinde kuthinte umsebenzi wama-microorganisms.Uma ingakhululi amanzi lapho icindezela ngesandla, umswakama ubhekwa njengofanelekile, kodwa uma usebenzisa amabhokisi ephepha enziwe uthayela wokwenza umquba, kungcono ukome kancane.
Amagciwane asebenzayo ekwenziweni komquba asebenza ngokuyinhloko, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuhlanganisa njalo umquba ukuze kungene umoya futhi kusheshiswe izinga lokubola.Kodwa-ke, ungaxubi kaningi, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzoshukumisa umsebenzi webhaktheriya ye-aerobic futhi ikhiphe i-nitrogen emoyeni noma emanzini.Ngakho-ke, ukulinganisela kuyisihluthulelo.
Izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi komquba kufanele libe phakathi kuka-20-40 degrees Celsius, okuyilona elifanele kakhulu ukusebenza kwebhaktheriya.Uma idlula ama-degree angu-65, wonke ama-microorganisms ayayeka ukusebenza futhi kancane kancane ayafa.
Ama-Actinomycetes amakoloni amhlophe ebhaktheriya akhiqizwa kudoti wamaqabunga noma ezihlahleni eziwayo ezibolayo.Ebhokisini likathayela lebhokisi elifaka umquba noma ezindlini zangasese ezivundisayo, ama-actinomycetes ayizinhlobo ezibalulekile zamagciwane akhuthaza ukubola kwe-microbial kanye nokuvutshelwa kumquba.Uma uqala ukwenza umquba, kuwumqondo omuhle ukubheka ama-actinomycetes kudoti wamaqabunga kanye nezihlahla eziwayo ezibolayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-18-2022