Umquba uhlobo oluthileumanyolo ophilayo, equkethe izakhi ezicebile, futhi inomphumela omude futhi ozinzile womanyolo.Okwamanje, ithuthukisa ukwakheka kwesakhiwo sokusanhlamvu esiqinile senhlabathi, futhi kwandisa amandla omhlaba okugcina amanzi, ukushisa, umoya kanye nomanyolo.Futhi, umquba ungaxutshwaumanyolo wamakhemikhaliukuhlinzeka ngokushiyeka kwesakhi esilodwa esiqukethwe kumanyolo wamakhemikhali, okungaqinisa inhlabathi futhi kunciphise ukusebenza kwamanzi nokugcinwa komanyolo ngokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside.Ngakho-ke, ngokomlando, umquba ubulokhu uhlonishwa yimboni yokutshala.
1.Indlela yokwenza umquba?
Ngokuvamile, umquba wenziwa ngezinsalela zezilwane nezitshalo ezihlukahlukene (njengotshani bezitshalo, ukhula, amaqabunga, i-peat, udoti, nokunye okulahlwayo, njll.) njengento eyinhloko evutshiwe futhi ibola ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa nomswakama ophezulu. Ngenxa yokuthi izinto zokwenza umquba nezimiso zayo, kanye nokwakheka kwayo kanye nezakhiwo zezithako zikamanyolo kufana nomquba, ngakho ubizwa nangokuthi umquba wokwenziwa wasepulazini.
Umquba unomlando omude kakhulu, futhi indlela yawo yokukhiqiza eyisisekelo iqukethe izinyathelo ezilandelayo:
1.Ukuqoqa izinto ezisetshenziswayo: ukuqoqa imfucumfucu yendawo (njengotshani, imivini, ukhula, amaqabunga ezihlahla awile), ukukhiqizwa noma udoti wasekhaya (njengodaka lwamachibi, ukuhlukanisa udoti, njll.), kanye nendle evela ku-aquaculture (Isibonelo, ubulongwe bemfuyo, amanzi okugeza angcolile, njll.) kuyaqoqwa futhi kusetshenziswe njengezinto ezingavuthiwe zokuvundisa;
2. Ukucutshungulwa kwe-Raw material: gxoba kahle iziqu zezitshalo, iziqu, amagatsha, njll., bese uwachoboza abe ubude obungama-intshi amathathu kuya kwangu-5.
3. Ukuxuba izinto zokusetshenziswa: Zonke izinto zokusetshenziswa zixutshwe kahle, futhi abanye abantu bazokwengeza inani elifanele le-calcium cyanamide ukuze bakhuthaze ukuvutshelwa kwayo.
4. Ukwenza umquba nokuvubela: Ukumbozwa amacansi aphukile, amanikiniki, utshani noma indwangu yepulasitiki ukuze kugwenywe ukulahlekelwa umanyolo, futhi kubekwe eshede lokwenza umquba kungaba okungcono kakhulu.Uma lingekho ishede lokwenza umquba, ukufaka umquba ovulekile nakho kungakhethwa, kodwa indawo efanele kufanele kukhethwe ukugwema ukulahlekelwa umanyolo ngenxa yelanga, imvula nomoya.
5. Ukuguqula umquba ube ukuvuthwa: Ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi umquba uvundile ngokulinganayo futhi ubola ngaphakathi nangaphandle, umquba kufanele uphendulwe njalo ngemva kwamasonto amathathu kuya kwamane.Ngemva kwezinyanga ezi-3, ungaqala ukuyisebenzisa.
2.Ungawenza kanjani umquba ube nempumelelo?
Ukwenza umquba kungahlukaniswa ngezindlela ezimbili: ukwenza umquba ojwayelekile kanye ne-high-temperature composting.Eyokuqala yafika nezinga lokushisa lokuvutshelwa, kanti lesi sakamuva sinezinga lokushisa eliphakeme langaphambi kokuvutshelwa.
Ukuvundisa okujwayelekile empeleni kuyindlela yokwenza umquba eyamukelwa imboni yokutshala iminyaka eyizinkulungwane.Siyibiza ngokuthi "indlela yendabuko yokwenza umquba".Ngale ndlela, esebenzisa ukuxuba okulula, ukunqwabelanisa okwenziwe, kanye nokuvutshelwa kwemvelo, kungabuye kubizwe ngokuthi “i-composting enamanzi”.Yonke le nqubo izothatha isikhathi eside kakhulu, nephunga elinamandla ngesikhathi sokuvutshelwa, nokulahlekelwa okukhulu kwezakhi.Ngakho lena akuyona indlela yesimanje yokwenza umquba esiyithobelayo manje.
Inqwaba yomquba kulesi sithombe ayihleliwe, eseduze nepulazi noma ingadi enendawo evulekile, ngokudonsa umquba, utshani, njll. kanye nokunqwabelana endaweni eyodwa.Kwenye indawo, idinga ukupakishwa izinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisa.
Ukuze kufakwe umquba onezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ukuvutshelwa ngokuvamile kuyadingeka.Ukuvutshelwa kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kwezinto ezingavuthiwe ezixubile kukhuthaza ukuvutshelwa okusheshayo nokuvuthwa kwe-substrate yokuvutshelwa, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, kungabulala amagciwane angaphakathi, amaqanda ezinambuzane nokhula. imbewu .Lena yindlela elungile yokwenza umquba manje, futhi futhi ingxenye echazwe ngokuningiliziwe yalesi sihloko.
Njengokukhethwa kwezikhungo, kunezindlela ezimbili zokuhlanganisa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu: indlela yokunqwabelanisa yomgodi oyi-semi-pit kanye nendlela yokunqwabelanisa phansi.
Indlela yokunqwabelanisa i-semi-pit manje isiguqulelwe ekubeni ithange lokuvubela ngemva kokukhiqizwa kwefekthri, elivumela ukusebenza ngomshini futhi lithuthukise ukusebenza kahle.
Indlela yokunqwabelanisa umhlabathi nayo idinga ukubambisana kwemishini eyahlukene yomquba ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.
Ungathola ukuthi i-organic composting yesimanje isivele yehlukile endleleni yendabuko:
| Umquba wendabuko | Ukushisa okuphezulu komquba | |
| Impahla eluhlaza | Umquba, utshani, udoti, i-peat | Umquba, utshani, udoti, i-peat |
| I-ejenti yokuvutshelwa | Ngokuvamile ayengezwa | Engeza ama-inoculant akhethekile okuvutshelwa |
| Izimo zokukhanyisa | Ukukhanya kwemvelo okuqondile, ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile | Ngokuvamile babe nama-awnings |
| Ithonya lemvelo | Umoya nemvula, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphansi | Izinga lokushisa eliphansi kuphela elithinta |
| I-nitrogen, i-Phosphorus ne-Potassium Maintenance | Ukulahlekelwa okukhulu | Igcinwe ngokugcwele |
| Ukugcinwa kwezinto eziphilayo | Ikakhulukazi gcina | Igcinwe ngokugcwele |
| Ukugcinwa kwe-humus | Kwakhiwe kancane | Ikakhulukazi yakheka |
Ithebula lokuqhathanisa elilandelayo libonisa umehluko ngendlela enembile:
Okungenhla ukuqhathanisa okulula kwezimpawu "ze-organic compost" ekhiqizwa yizindlela ezimbili, kodwa hhayi okuphelele.Kodwa sisawubona umehluko.Yebo, kukuwe ukuthi unqume ukuthi iyiphi indlela engcono.
Singathola futhi etafuleni ukuthi izinto ezingavuthiwe ezisetshenziswa ekuvubeleni ziyefana.
Iphuzu liwukuthi enqubweni yokukhiqiza, indlela yokuqongelela izinga lokushisa eliphezulu yenze ukuthuthukiswa okuningi.Kungaba nezinhlanganisela eziningi zezinto ezingavuthiwe ze-organic for composting: isibonelo, umquba wemfuyo, izinto ze-gasket, nezinsalela zokudla kuxutshwe futhi kuhlanganiswe;iziqu zezitshalo, umquba oluhlaza, ukhula nezinye izinto zezitshalo zixutshwa nenhlabathi, indle yabantu, udoti, njll….…
Izidingo zokupakisha: Hlanganisa zonke izinhlobo zezinto ezingavuthiwe ngokulinganayo ngangokunokwenzeka;ukuphakama kwe-windrow ye-compost evamile kungu-80-100 cm;umswakama awukho ngaphansi kuka-35% futhi awukho ngaphezu kuka-60%;gcina ukungena komoya okuhle.
Isimiso esiyisisekelo: Sebenzisa amabhaktheriya e-aerobic ukuze uvubele kahle, ubole ngokushesha izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, wakhe imisoco emincane yamangqamuzana kanye ne-humus, futhi ukhiqize izinhlobonhlobo zama-microbial metabolites ngesikhathi esisodwa, okusiza ukutshala ukumuncwa kwezakhi, ukuvikela izimpande nokuthuthukiswa kwenhlabathi. .
Isifinyezo senqubo: ukuhlola (ukuchoboza) -ukuxuba-ukuvutshelwa (ukuguqula inqwaba) -ukuvuthwa-(ukuguquguquka) -umkhiqizo oqediwe.Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinqubo zokukhiqiza, le nqubo ilula kakhulu.Iphuzu lobuchwepheshe eliwumgogodla “ukuvutshelwa (ukuguqula inqwaba)”.
Ukuvutshelwa komquba kuhlobene eduze namagciwane okuvutshelwa, izinga lokushisa, umswakama, isikhathi, uhlobo, usayizi, kanye nesikhathi sokuphenduka sokuvutshelwa kwama-substrates.
Sithole ezinye izinkinga noma ukungaqondi kahle ekusebenzeni kwamasayithi amaningi okuvutshelwa, futhi sizokhetha amaphuzu abalulekile ambalwa esingawabelana nawe:
- I-ejenti yokuvubela: Hhayi inqobo nje uma ukuvutshelwa kungakhiqiza izinga lokushisa eliphezulu “kuyi-ejenti yokuvubela enhle”.I-ejenti yokuvubela ephumelelayo isebenzisa kuphela imbewu yebhaktheriya elula, futhi empeleni yizinhlobo ezi-1 noma ezi-2 kuphela zebhaktheriya elivutshelwayo ezisebenzayo.Nakuba ingakhiqiza imiphumela yokushisa ephezulu, inokusebenza okuphansi kokubola nokuvuthwa kwezinye izinto, futhi umphumela wokwenza umquba awulungile.Ngakho-ke, i-ejenti yokuvutshelwa efanele iyisinqumo esingcono kakhulu!
- Ukusefa kwe-Raw materials: Ngenxa yemithombo ehlukahlukene yezinto ezingavuthiwe zokuvutshelwa, zingaqukatha amatshe, izinsimbi, ingilazi, amapulasitiki nezinye izinhlobo.Ngakho-ke, inqubo yokuhluza kufanele idluliselwe ngaphambi kokukhiqizwa komquba.inqubo yokusefa kufanele idingeke ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukugwema ukulimala komuntu siqu kanye nokulimala kwemishini, kanye nezinga eliphezulu lomkhiqizo.Emsebenzini wokukhiqiza, izitshalo eziningi zokukhiqiza "zicabanga ukuthi kuyinkinga", futhi zinqamule le nqubo, bese ekugcineni zibangela ukulahleka.
- Izidingo zokuswakama: hhayi ngaphansi kuka-40%, noma ngaphezulu kuka-60%.Ngenxa yokuthi umswakama ungaphezu kuka-60%, awuhambisani nokusinda nokukhiqizwa kwamagciwane anamandla.Abakhiqizi abaningi abanaki kakhulu ukulawulwa kwamanzi, okuholela ekuhlulekeni kokuvutshelwa.
- Umquba ophendukayo ovubelayo: Abakhiqizi abaningi abaphenduki i-windrow uma isitaki sokuvutshelwa sifinyelela ku-50-60 ℃ ngesikhathi sokuvutshelwa.Ngaphezu kwalokho, “ochwepheshe” abaningi baqondisa amakhasimende abo ngokuthi “ngokuvamile, ukuvutshelwa kufanele kube ngaphezu kuka-56 ℃ izinsuku ezingu-5-6, futhi izinga lokushisa eliphakeme elingu-50-60 ℃ izinsuku ezingu-10 liyokwanela.”
Empeleni, kunenqubo esheshayo yokuvutshelwa ngaphambi kokuvutshelwa, futhi izinga lokushisa lizoqhubeka nokukhuphuka ngokushesha, ngokuvamile lingaphezu kuka-65°C.Uma umquba ungaphenduki okwamanje, ngeke ukhiqize umquba wezinga eliphezulu.
Ngakho-ke, uma izinga lokushisa kumquba lifinyelela ku-60 ℃, umquba kufanele uphendulwe.Ngokuvamile ngemva kwamahora angu-10, izinga lokushisa kumquba lizofinyelela kulelizinga lokushisa futhi, bese lidinga ukuphendulwa futhi.Ngemuva kokudlula izikhathi ezi-4 kuya kwezi-5, lapho izinga lokushisa ku-reactor yokuvutshelwa ligcina ku-45-50 ℃, futhi lingabe lisakhuphuka.Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuphenduka komquba kunganwetshwa njalo ezinsukwini ezi-5.
Ngokusobala, akwenzeki ukusebenzisa abasebenzi ukucubungula inani elikhulu kangaka lomquba.Lokhu akudingi nje kuphela amandla amaningi kanye nesikhathi, ukukhiqizwa komphumela womquba akulungile.Ngakho-ke, sizosebenzisa umshini wokujika ozinikele ukusebenza.
3.Indlela yokukhetha aumshini wokujika umquba?
Kunezinhlobo ezinkulu zemishini yokuphendula umquba: i-trench compost turner kanye neziphendulela zokwenza umquba ozishayelayo.I-Trench compost Turner idinga indawo ekhethekile kanye nokusetshenziswa okuphezulu, ukwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi kanye nezindleko eziphezulu zokukhiqiza. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ngenxa yokunganele komoya okunezithasiselo, kuzoholela ekuvubeleni okubi.
Ezishayelayoama-compost turnersikakhulukazi i-straddle-type compost turner, enye yezinto eziphawuleka kakhulu zokuphenduka komquba ozihambelayo ukuthi athuthuke kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo.
Ukusebenza kwayo kahle kuphezulu kakhulu, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuphansi.Okwamanje, ukusebenza, ukugcinwa nokugcinwa kwesondlo kulula kakhulu futhi kulula, okungasindisa izindleko eziningi nesikhathi.Zithembele emasondweni azo noma kumathrekhi ukuze zihambe zinqamule imigqa yomoya estakiwe, kanye namarola okushayela amanzi noma amabhande noma ama-rotary tiller angaphansi kwe-fuselage ukuze aphendule izitaki.Ngemva kokuphenduka, kwakheka imigqa yomoya entsha, futhi isesimweni esithambile futhi esixekethile, okwenza isimo se-aerobic esihle sokuvutshelwa kwezinto, okusiza kakhulu ukukhiqizwa nokuvutshelwa komquba wemvelo.
Njengomkhiqizi wokujika umquba onolwazi,TAGRMyethule i-turner ye-organic compost ebiza kakhulu ngokwezimpawu zokukhiqizwa komquba kanye nezidingo zangempela zamakhasimende:M3600.Ifakwe injini kaphethiloli engu-128HP (95KW), ithrekhi yensimbi embozwe ngomkhono wenjoloba ovikelayo.Ububanzi bayo bokusebenza bungamamitha angu-3.4, futhi ukuphakama kokusebenza kungu-1.36 metres, ingakwazi ukucubungula 1250 cubic metres we-organic compost ngehora, futhi ifakwe amakhanda okusika ahlukahlukene, angachoboza futhi acubungule umquba wezinto ezihlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi umswakama ophezulu, umquba we-viscosity high, udaka nezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa.Kulula ukuxuba ngokugcwele umoya-mpilo futhi kusheshiswe ukuvutshelwa komquba.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-cockpit yayo ezimele inomkhakha omuhle wokubona kanye nesipiliyoni sokushayela esikhululekile.
Uma uneminye imibuzo noma izidingo, sicela usithinte ngezindlela ezilandelayo:
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-24-2021