Ukwenza umqubakuyinqubo eyehlisa isithunzi futhi izinze udoti wezinto eziphilayo ngokusebenza kwamagciwane ukuze kukhiqizwe umkhiqizo ofanele ukusetshenziswa komhlabathi.
Iinqubo yokuvutshelwakuphinde kube elinye igama lokuvundisa.Udoti wemvelo kufanele ugaywe ngokuqhubekayo, uzinzise, futhi uguqulwe ube ngumanyolo wezinto eziphilayo ngesenzo samagciwane ngaphansi kwezimo zokuqukethwe kwamanzi anele, isilinganiso se-carbon-nitrogen, nokugcwala komoyampilo.Ngemva kwenqubo ehloniphekile yokuvutshelwa kwe-composting, udoti wemvelo uzinzile kakhulu, iphunga liphelile, futhi empeleni awuqukethe amagciwane ayingozi kanye nembewu yokhula.Ingasetshenziswa njengesithuthukisi somhlabathi kanye nomanyolo ophilayo emhlabathini.
Ngenxa yalokho, ukukhiqiza nokugcina indawo efanelekile ekuthuthukisweni kwamagciwane kuyisimo esibucayi sokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomquba.Umsebenzi obalulekile wokufinyelela lo mgomo ukucutshungulwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kwemithombo yemvelo.Izinyathelo ezilandelayo zihilelekile ekucutshungulweni kokuqala komquba wezimboni:
1. Ukuhlolwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe: Ukungcola nokungcola okungavundisi kuyasuswa ezintweni ezingavuthiwe.Ngokwesibonelo, insimbi, itshe, ingilazi, ipulasitiki, njalonjalo.
2. Ukuchotshozwa: Impahla ethile eluhlaza okunzima ukuyidiliza, njengokudla okusele, izitshalo, amakhadibhodi, udaka oluyingxubevange, kanye nemfucumfucu yomuntu, idinga ukuchotshozwa.I-Pulverization isetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa indawo engaphezulu yezinto ezingavuthiwe, ukukhuthaza ukubola kwe-microbial, kanye nokwenza ngcono ukufana kokuxutshwa kwempahla eluhlaza.
3. Ukulungiswa komswakama: Ukulawula okuqukethwe kwamanzi kumquba, ukulungiswa komswakama kuyadingeka ezintweni ezingavuthiwe, njengomquba wezilwane, ezinamanzi amaningi kakhulu noma aphansi.Ngokuvamile, izinto zokusetshenziswa ezimanzi kakhulu kufanele zomiswe, noma umswakama kufanele ukhuliswe ngokwengeza inani elifanele lamanzi.
4. Ukuhlanganisa: Ngokwesilinganiso esithile, hlanganisa izinto zokusetshenziswa eziye zahlolwa, zachotshozwa, zalungiswa umswakama, nezinye izinqubo zokucubungula.Umgomo wokuhlanganisa uwukugcina unempiloisilinganiso se-carbon-to-nitrogen, noma isilinganiso se-C/N, kumquba.Ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa nokukhiqizwa kabusha kwama-microorganisms, isilinganiso esiphezulu se-C/N kufanele sisuke ku-25:1 siye ku-30:1.
5. Ukwenza umquba: Beka izinto zokusetshenziswa ezilungisiwe ukuze zikwazi ukuvubela ngokwazo.Ukugcina umquba izinga lokushisa elikahle kanye nomswakama futhi ukhuthaze ukuwohloka kwamagciwane, umquba kufanele uphendulwe futhi ungenise umoya njalo ngesikhathi sokupakisha.
Ukucutshungulwa kokuqala komquba wezimboni kungase kuhlanganise nalezi zindlela zokwelapha ezilandelayo ngaphezu kwezigaba eziyisisekelo zokuhlola izinto ezingavuthiwe, ukuchotshozwa, ukulungisa umswakama, ukuthunyelwa, kanye nokwenza umquba:
Ukubulala amagciwane ezintweni ezingavuthiwe: Izinto ezingavuthiwe zidinga ukubulawa amagciwane njengoba zingase zihlanganise amagciwane ayingozi, amaqanda ezinambuzane, imbewu yokhula, njll. Amakhemikhali noma izindlela ezingokoqobo zokuqeda ukungcola, njengokusebenzisa izibulala-magciwane (njengokwelashwa kwesitimu esishisa kakhulu).
Ukwelashwa kokuzinzisa: Ukuze kwehliswe ingozi yokungcoliswa kwemvelo, udoti othile wezimboni, udaka, njll., kufanele uzinziswe njengoba zifaka izinhlanganisela eziyingozi njengezinto eziphilayo nezinsimbi ezisindayo.I-Pyrolysis, i-anaerobic digestion, i-redox therapy, nezinye izindlela zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kokuzinza.
Ukucutshungulwa okuxubile: Izinhlobo ezimbalwa zezinto ezingavuthiwe zingahlanganiswa futhi zelashwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi kanye nokuqukethwe okunomsoco womquba wezimboni.Isibonelo, okuqukethwe komquba wezinto eziphilayo kanye nokuhlukahluka kokudla okunomsoco kungase kwandiswe ngokuhlanganisa imfucuza yasemadolobheni nemfucuza yasemapulazini.
Ukwelashwa okungeziwe: Amakhemikhali athile angengezwa emqubeni ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuwohloka kwamagciwane, ukushintsha izinga le-pH, kwandiswe izakhi zomsoco, njll., ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi nezici zomquba.Isibonelo, ukungeza izingcezu zokhuni kungathuthukisa ukungena komoya komquba kanye nekhono lokugcina amanzi.Ukwengeza umcako kungalinganisa izinga le-pH lomquba futhi kukhuthaze ukukhula kwezilwanyana ezincane.Ungakwazi futhi ukwengeza ibhaktheriya ye-aerobic noma i-anaerobic ngqo kumquba ukusheshisa ukuvutshelwa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo zayo zangaphakathi.
Kufanele kugcizelelwe ukuthi kunezinhlobo eziningana zezinto zokuqala zokwenziwa komquba wezimboni, futhi izinto zokuqalisa ezahlukahlukene zibiza izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokucubungula zesigaba sokuqala.Ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomquba kanye nokuphepha kwemvelo, izinto ezingavuthiwe kufanele zihlolwe futhi zihlolwe ngaphambi kokucutshungulwa kokuqala.Izinketho zokwelashwa eziningana kufanele zikhethwe yizimo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-24-2023