1. Uyini umanyolo wamakhemikhali?
Ngomqondo omncane, umanyolo wamakhemikhali ubhekisela kumanyolo okhiqizwa izindlela zamakhemikhali;ngomqondo obanzi, umquba wamakhemikhali ubhekisela kuwo wonke umanyolo wezinto ezingaphili kanye nomanyolo osebenza kancane okhiqizwa embonini.Ngakho-ke, akuphelele ukuthi abanye abantu bavele babize izivundisi ze-nitrogen ngamakhemikhali amakhemikhali.Umanyolo wamakhemikhali yigama elijwayelekile le-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, i-potassium, kanye nomanyolo oyinhlanganisela.
2. Uyini umanyolo wemvelo?
Noma yini esebenzisa izinto eziphilayo (izinhlanganisela eziqukethe i-carbon) njengomanyolo ibizwa ngokuthi umanyolo wemvelo.Kubandakanya imfucuza yomuntu, umquba, umquba, umquba oluhlaza, ubulongwe bekhekhe, umanyolo we-biogas, njll. Inezimpawu zezinhlobo eziningi, imithombo ebanzi, nokusebenza kahle kukamanyolo omude.Iningi lezakhi zomsoco eziqukethwe kumanyolo we-organic zisesimweni se-organic, futhi izitshalo kunzima ukuzisebenzisa ngokuqondile.Ngokusebenza kwama-microorganisms, izakhi ezihlukahlukene zomsoco zikhishwa kancane kancane, futhi imisoco inikezwa ngokuqhubekayo ezitshalweni.Ukusetshenziswa komanyolo wemvelo kungathuthukisa ukwakheka komhlabathi, kuqondise amanzi, umanyolo, igesi, nokushisa enhlabathini, futhi kuthuthukise ukuvunda komhlabathi nokukhiqiza komhlabathi.
3. Zingaki izinhlobo zomanyolo wemvelo ezihlukene?
Umanyolo wemvelo ungahlukaniswa ngokwezigaba ezine ezilandelayo: (1) Umquba womquba nomchamo: ohlanganisa ubulongwe babantu nezilwane kanye nomquba wasepulazini, ubulongwe bezinkukhu, ubulongwe bezinyoni zasolwandle kanye nendle yemisundululu.(2) Umanyolo womquba: ohlanganisa umquba, umquba ogcwele amanzi, utshani kanye nomanyolo we-biogas.(3) Umquba oluhlaza: okuhlanganisa umquba ohlaza otshaliwe kanye nomquba oluhlaza wasendle.(4) Izivundisi ezixubile: ezihlanganisa umanyolo we-peat ne-humic acid, ama-oyili amahle, ama-fertilizer enhlabathi, nezivundisi zasolwandle.
4. Uyini umehluko phakathi kukamanyolo wamakhemikhali kanye nomanyolo wemvelo?
(1) Umanyolo wemvelo uqukethe inani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo futhi unemiphumela esobala ekuthuthukisweni kwenhlabathi nokuvundisa;umanyolo wamakhemikhali unganikeza imisoco yezitshalo kuphela, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kuzoba nemiphumela emibi emhlabathini, okwenza umhlabathi ube nobugovu.
(2) Umanyolo wemvelo uqukethe izakhi ezihlukahlukene, ezilinganiselayo ngokugcwele;kuyilapho umanyolo wamakhemikhali uqukethe uhlobo olulodwa lwezakhi, ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kungase kubangele ukungalingani kwezakhi emhlabathini nokudla.
(3) Ama-fertilizer e-organic anokuqukethwe okuphansi kwezakhi futhi adinga inani elikhulu lokufakwa, kuyilapho umanyolo wamakhemikhali unokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezakhi kanye nenani elincane lokufaka isicelo.
(4) Umanyolo wemvelo unesikhathi eside somphumela womanyolo;ama-fertilizer amakhemikhali anesikhathi esifushane futhi esiqinile somphumela womanyolo, okulula ukubangela ukulahlekelwa izakhi futhi kungcolise imvelo.
(5) Umanyolo wemvelo uvela emvelweni, futhi awekho amakhemikhali okwenziwa kumanyolo.Isicelo sesikhathi eside singathuthukisa ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo yezolimo;ama-fertilizer amakhemikhali ayizinto zokwenziwa zamakhemikhali ahlanzekile, futhi ukusetshenziswa okungafanele kunganciphisa ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo yezolimo.
(6) Ekukhiqizeni nasekucubunguleni inqubo kamanyolo wezinto eziphilayo, inqobo nje uma usubolile ngokugcwele, isicelo singathuthukisa ukumelana nesomiso, ukumelana nezifo, nokumelana nezinambuzane ezitshalweni, futhi kunciphise ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane;ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside komanyolo wamakhemikhali kunciphisa ukungatheleleki kwezitshalo.Ngokuvamile kudinga izibulala-zinambuzane eziningi zamakhemikhali ukuze kugcinwe ukukhula kwezitshalo, okungabangela kalula ukwanda kwezinto eziyingozi ekudleni.
(7) Umanyolo wezinto eziphilayo uqukethe inani elikhulu lama-microorganisms anenzuzo, angakhuthaza inqubo ye-biotransformation enhlabathini, ehambisana nokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kokuvunda komhlabathi;ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwezinga elikhulu likamanyolo wamakhemikhali kungavimbela ukusebenza kwamagciwane enhlabathini, okuholela ekwehleni kokulawulwa okuzenzakalelayo kwenhlabathi.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-25-2021